Gil-Ortega et al. reported that long-term HFD induces substantial reduction in ec-SOD expression and total SOD activity, an increase of NOX activity and O2- release from the mesenteric PVAT, suggesting that the imbalance between antioxidant and pro-oxidant mechanisms in PVAT might contribute to vascular oxidative stress, thus aggravating endothelial dysfunction (Gil-Ortega et al., 2014). Here, SOD1 is linked to endothelial dysfunction.