DDB2 and cervical carcinoma: Other mechanisms by which PEITC induces apoptosis (at 50 μM) include the increase of DDB2 (damaged DNA-binding protein 2) expression, as observed in colon cancer cells (HCT 116) in vitro and in vivo [186], as well as the activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway (death receptor-mediated apoptosis), as observed in oral and cervical cancer cells [187].