Although expression of PDC activation genes was low in all ccRCC, stage III-IV ccRCC demonstrated significantly lower expression than stage I-II ccRCC (p = 0.0005) and lower PDC activation gene expression in ccRCC was associated with decreased survival (p < 0.0001) (Figures S4A and S4B). This evidence concerns the gene PDC and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.