While our data support the notion that pathobiont infection detrimentally alters the intestinal microbiota, potentially promoting intestinal inflammation, diet can play a central role in microbiota stability and pathobiont expansion, with for example the observation that saturated (milk-derived) fat is sufficient to induce a bloom in Bilophila wadsworthia, that drives intestinal inflammation in IL10-deficient mice [36]. The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is infection.