In humans with stroke and in rat models of stroke, SUR1-TRPM4 (sulfonylurea receptor 1 –transient receptor potential melastatin 4) channels [10] are upregulated in all members of the neurovascular unit [11,12], with microvascular endothelial cells being the earliest cell-type to upregulate the channel [13]. This evidence concerns the gene ABCC8 and stroke disorder.