As shown in Figure 3, once GDNF/GFRA1/RET makes a complex, it activates various signaling pathways, such as RAS/MAPK, PI3K/Akt and PLCγ pathway, which contribute to cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, differentiation and survival and which contribute to the pathogenesis of both cancer and neuronal disease [14,15]. Here, AKT1 is linked to cancer.