Inhibit GBM invasion, proliferation, increase apoptosis by:– inhibiting actin polymerization– lamellipodia suppression– decreasing FAK, Akt and mTOR phosphorylation– activating AMPA receptors, increases Ca2+ influx into mitochondria– releasing cytochrome c, caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP, triggering apoptosis. Here, CASP9 is linked to glioblastoma.