APOE and atherosclerosis: The aim of the present study, therefore, was to evaluate the development of atherosclerosis, weight gain, insulin resistance and early signs of liver damage, in Apoe−/− rats under two different gut microbiota compositions, i.e. with or without gluten, when fed a Western high-fat diet (WD) compared to a control low-fat diet (LF) for a longer period of time than previous studies (Fig. 1).