AGER and exocrine pancreatic carcinoma: In recent research, extracellular HMGB1, by binding several receptors, including the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptors TLR-2, TLR-4, and TLR-9, has been shown to trigger the key signaling pathways involved in the regulation of pancreatic carcinoma growth, autophagy, immunogenic cell death, and resistance to chemotherapy [15, 16].