CCL2 and Abdominal obesity: Abdominal obesity, in particular, is associated with many chronic diseases where visceral fat is responsible for the abnormally increased production of various proinflammatory adipokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) [121,122].