The introduction of FDA- and EMA-approved anti-VEGF drugs to ophthalmology over the past 12 years has revolutionized the treatment of AMD, macular edema following retinal vein occlusion (RVO), DME, DR, non-proliferative DR (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and DME [5,38]. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is proliferative diabetic retinopathy.