HOMA %B was significantly higher in OW controls compared with both T2D patients and NW controls (P = 0.0013 and P = 0.0268, respectively), whereas fasting insulin concentrations, insulin sensitivity (HOMA %S), and insulin resistance (HOMA IR) were only significantly different between control groups (P = 0.0418, P = 0.0385, and P = 0.0383, respectively). Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.