INS and diabetes mellitus: Diabetes can have fatal complications such as diabetic nephropathy, myocardial infarcted diabetes, and glaucoma; disease detection at early stages is therefore critical.(25) We suggest that this is possible using the set of biomarkers consisting of leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and 10- and 12-Z,E-HODE (as well as HbA1c), especially when used in conjunction with the CD-type microfluidic device.