It has been reported that a reduction in renal function and a reduction in %FMD values are related, and dialysis patients have low %FMD values compared with healthy persons.(29,30) It has been also reported that %FMD is decreased by indoxyl sulfate, a protein-bound uremic toxin, and leptin, which is elevated in CKD patients.(31,32) Thus, P is one of the factors relevant to CVD, and this study showed that P, notably inorganic P, management in the diet is important. This evidence concerns the gene LEP and chronic kidney disease.