In our study, expression of S100A2, S100A7, S100A8, S100A9, S100A11, and S100A12 but not that of S100A1, S100A3, S100A4, S100A7A, S100A10, and S100Z correlated with smoking status of NSCLC patients; S100A5, S100A6, S100A13, S100A16, and S100G were associated with worse survival in nonsmoking NSCLC patients; and only S100B, but S100A14 and S100P, was associated with better survival in smoking NSCLC patients. Here, S100A4 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.