Meanwhile, several other experiments have explored the effects of DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1R agonists on non-DKD, including tacrolimus-induced kidney injury [16], adriamycin nephropathy [17], cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity [18], renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury [19, 20], and ureteral obstruction-induced renal interstitial fibrosis [21]. Here, DPP4 is linked to diabetic kidney disease.