Mitochondria biogenesis, respiration and oxidative phosphorylation are maintained by many molecular factors, such as PGC‐1α, Mfn‐2, NRF‐1 and TFAM.46, 47 Our data showed that the hepatic protein level of PGC‐1α was significantly decreased in patients and cows with NASH and in NEFA‐treated hepatocytes. The gene discussed is NRF1; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.