While the contribution of canonical NF-κB-activating IKKβ as a tumor promoter in oncogene and carcinogen-induced inflammation and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been documented [25,30,31,34] functional studies on noncanonical NF-κB [61,62,63,64] and IKKα [65,66,67] suggest that they can act as tumor promoters or tumor suppressors and are involved in the resolution of inflammation [68,69,70,71,72], but an evolutionary conserved mechanism of action remains largely unknown. The gene discussed is CHUK; the disease is neoplasm.