MUC5AC and Chagas disease: In Chagas disease, TLR-2 is associated with the initiation of the immune response by recognizing GPI anchor-linked mucin molecules (38), TLR-4 with the recognition of glycoinositolphospholipid in the parasite cell surface (39), and TLR-9 receptors with the identification of unmethylated CpG motifs in the T. cruzi genome (38, 40).