TNF and Hyperinsulinemia: Treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with 10 nm insulin for 24 h to mimic hyperinsulinemia or with 2 ng/ml TNFα for 96 h to mimic chronic pro-inflammatory signaling impaired insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose (2DOG) uptake (Fig. 1, A and B).