It is known that the adaptive immune system plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.66 Although the proatherogenic function of T-helper type 1 CD4+ as well as CD8+ T-cells is well established, it is also emerging that Treg cells are critical in offsetting the detrimental effects of both adaptive and innate immune responses. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is atherosclerosis.