The TSPY and MAGE genes fall into a functionally defined group known as the cancer/testis antigen (CTA) genes ([61, 62]; http://www.cta.lncc.br/) which are expressed during testis development normally, but which are aberrantly expressed in some tumours, such as melanoma and gonadoblastoma (e.g. TSPY2). This evidence concerns the gene TSPY1 and gonadoblastoma.