TNF and atrial fibrillation: As illustrated in Figure 4, the expressions of the 3 mRNAs were higher in the AF(+)T(−)group than in the SR group, and the AF(+)T(+) group exhibited the highest levels of expression (IL-1β: PSR and AF(+)T(−) = .0403, PSR and AF(+)T(+) < .001, and PAF(+)T(−)and AF(+)T(+) = .0367; IL-6: PSR and AF(+)T(−) = .0219, PSR and AF(+)T(+) < .001, and PAF(+)T(−)and AF(+)T(+) = .0439; TNF-α: PSR and AF(+)T(−) = .0240, PSR and AF(+)T(+) < .001; and PAF(+)T(−)and AF(+)T(+) = .0416).