CACNA1D and neoplasm: Several lines of evidence suggest that there is strong genotype (KCNJ5, ATP1A1, ATP2B3, and CACNA1D) and phenotype correlation with respect to patient demographics (16, 22, 29), degree of aldosteronism (29), tumor size (16–18, 22, 29) and focality (11, 22), tumor cytomorphology (11, 14–18, 29), proliferative capacity (15), and expression for CYP11B1, CYP17, and CYP11B2 in aldosterone-producing adenomas (14–18), as well as in APCCs (as discussed above).