CD8A and vitamin D deficiency: Vitamin D deficiency seems to have no influence on T-cell and B-cell subset distribution in HIV-infected patients, but VitD supplementation is related to reduced immune activation levels (CD8+CD38+ and CD8+Ki67+) (119), and increased frequencies of antigen-specific T-cells expressing macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, an important anti-HIV blocking chemokine (91).