Studies in patients with CRS treated with CAM and RXM show a significant reduction in macrophage, neutrophil, and eosinophil counts and concentrations of neutrophil elastase, ECP, CC-chemokine ligand-5 (CCL-5), IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, interferon (IFN)-gamma, TNF-alpha, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and alpha-macroglobulin in nasal secretions (19–23, 25, 26, 62). The gene discussed is MPO; the disease is congenital rubella syndrome.