These immunological mechanisms are influenced by AZM and CAM, which in CF-patients lead to a decrease in neutrophil count, concentrations of neutrophil elastase, IL-4, IL-8, TNF-alpha, and INF-gamma, and to an increase in numbers of macrophages in BAL samples or in sputum (51–53). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and cystic fibrosis.