Focusing on the bowel-related conditions, Grbic et al. (2008), investigating the role of ATP receptors in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation, reported that the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α or IFN-γ determined an increased expression of P2Y2 and P2Y6 receptors in the colonic mucosa of mice with DSS colitis (Grbic et al., 2008; Degagne et al., 2013). Here, TNF is linked to colitis.