In a rat model of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis, the administration of the P2X7R inhibitor A740003 determined a reduction of T-cell and macrophage infiltration in the lamina propria, followed by a reduction in tissue TNF and IL-1β concentrations, with a consequent amelioration of inflammation severity (Marques et al., 2014). Here, TNF is linked to colitis.