HK1 and neoplasm: HK1 catalyses the first obligatory and rate-limiting step involving the phosphorylation of glucose  to G6P.41 Furthermore, HK1 has been suggested to regulate cell death, a process associated with abnormal proliferation and tumourigenesis.42 HK1 has also been found to be upregulated in different cancer types, including kidney and breast carcinomas.43,44 Additionally , a recent study showed that HK1 over-expression was  associated with poor patient prognosis in colorectal cancer.45 HK1 expression in CAFs and its implication with tumour aggressiveness warrants further investigation.