SALL4 and neoplasm: Interestingly, we observed a significant increase in SALL4, PD-L1, and miR-200c expression, not only in tumor tissue as already shown in Fig. 1b–e and Supplementary Fig. 2a, but also in liver cirrhosis (n = 13) (Supplementary Fig. 2a–d), suggesting chronic inflammation such as cirrhosis may stimulate expression of SALL4, PD-L1, and miR-200c.