Statistical analysis revealed that a negative correlation between PD-L1 (integrated optical density (IOD)/area) and overall survival (OS) in the center tumor (P < 0.0001, R = -0.4127, Pearson’s correlation coefficients) (Fig. 3a) but not in peritumor regions (P = 0.2044, R = -0.0949, Pearson’s correlation coefficients) (Fig. 3b) has been identified. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.