Like patients with Leigh syndrome, Ndufs4−/− mice (Kruse et al., 2008) and some other Leigh-like Drosophila models (Da-Rè et al., 2014), the dNDUFS4 KD flies display a dramatic lifespan reduction (Fig. 3) as well as histologic and behavioral signs of neurodegeneration (Fig. 5A,B; Movies 1 and 2). The gene discussed is NDUFS4; the disease is Leigh syndrome.