IFN-α signaling pathways include the classical JAK–STAT and other auxiliary pathways such as the PI3K/mTOR/AKT and MAPK-P38 axes, and dysfunction in signaling of PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR, Wnt/GSK-3 and/or Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK axes is associated tightly with cancer progression and therapeutic resistance [50]. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and cancer.