IFN-α, which belongs to a family of “biologic response modifiers” and activates a network of signaling molecules, is FDA-approved for hairy cell leukemia, malignant melanoma, AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma, follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma as well as other clinical indications such as renal cell cancer and cervical cancer. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is renal cell adenocarcinoma.