We identified 20 GSC-upregulated miRNA-targeted genes associated with significantly reduced 5-year survival in GBM patients, including previously identified glioma-promoting genes HMGA2 [20], MYO1C [21], RGS4 [22], and several novel targets, such as HPCAL1, IMPDH1, and YWHAG (Additional file 1: Table S5, orange-colored genes, Additional file 2: Figure S2F). This evidence concerns the gene HPCAL1 and central nervous system cancer.