ADHD patients are reported to have a cerebrospinal fluid cytokine profile intermediate to that of obsessive-compulsive disorder patients (characterized by a skewing to TH1 mediated cytokines) and schizophrenics (skewing to TH2 mediated cytokines), with somewhat elevated concentrations of TNF-α and reduced levels of IFN-γ [77]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.