Specifically, pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic proteins such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Col-1, and TGF-β were upregulated in the kidney of pGC-A knockout mice compared to wild type mice, while overexpression of pGC-A reduced renal fibrosis, injury and downregulated deleterious proteins [44]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and renal fibrosis.