MGP and chronic kidney disease: It is thought that only functional (γ-carboxylated and serine phosphorylated) MGP can inhibit vascular calcification as low levels of functional MGP have indicated higher levels of vascular calcification in specific patient groups including those suffering from stable ischemic disease [13], diabetes [14,15], long-term oral anticoagulant therapy users [16] and CKD patients [17,18].