CASR and familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia: Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) and neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT) [168] are caused by loss-of-function mutations of the CaR gene, whereas autosomal dominant hypocalcemia (ADH) and Bartter Syndrome type V [169] occur from gain-of-function mutations of the CaR [170,171,172].