SMAD2 and neoplasm: There was a significant reduction in mean PO4-SMAD2 histoscores seen in larger diameter tumours (≥20mm versus <20mm) (Table 1 and Figure 5B, ANOVA; p=0.013) and a significant reduction in mean PO4-SMAD3 histoscores seen in tumours invading beyond subcutaneous fat (Table 1 and Figure 5C, ANOVA; p=0.002).