As shown in Figure 5a-5c, calcitriol treatment significantly reduced both CD44+CD117+ and ALDH+ cells in this ovarian cancer cell line, while knockdown of VDR blocked calcitriol-induced decrease of these cells, indicating that the depletion of CSCs by calcitriol treatment is a VDR-dependent event. The gene discussed is LDHA; the disease is ovarian carcinoma.