INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Several clinical studies have investigated the level of FGF21 in cases of human metabolic diseases such as MetS, impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and have shown that increased FGF21 levels have a positive correlation with BMI, waist circumference, body fat mass, plasma insulin levels, triglycerides levels, and HOMA-IR, and a negative correlation with HDL and adiponectin levels in MetS patients23–26.