Pioglitazone counteracts the tumor necrosis factor-α inhibition of FSH-induced follicular development and steroidogenesis in an in vitro mouse preantral follicle culture system [3], and pioglitazone–induced reduction in peripheral insulin resistance and its direct effect on the ovaries might be effective for inducing ovulation in patients with PCOS. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is polycystic ovary syndrome.