GDF15 and ovarian cancer: In addition to ovarian cancer, a study reported that high plasma GDF15 was significantly associated with FIGO stage III/IV disease and lymph node metastases (p < 0.001) in large validation cohort of endometrial carcinomas, further suggested that GDF15 may be significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, possibly applicable for all gynecological tumors which worth further exploration [32].