The vessel wall thickness was significantly higher in MCF-7 tumours (Fig. 3d; 2.38 ± 0.05 MCF-7 vs. 2.14 ± 0.03 MDA-MB-231), which also showed a much higher staining of ASMA co-localised with CD31 (Fig. 3e; 3.4 × 10−7 ± 1.1 × 10−7 MCF-7 vs. 0.6 × 10−7 ± 0.2 × 10−7 MDA-MB-231). The gene discussed is PECAM1; the disease is neoplasm.