One report found that connexin-43 is significantly upregulated in CRS patients compared to healthy controls at both the mRNA and protein levels, whereas other reports searching for a potential cause of dysfunction in the sinonasal epithelium failed to find a significant difference in the expressions of connexin-26, -30, -32, or -43 [3–5]. The gene discussed is GJA1; the disease is congenital rubella syndrome.