Recently, a cluster analysis of biomarkers of inflammation in CRS was performed in European patients resulting in 10 clusters, of which 3 clusters with low or undetectable IL-5 and IL-17, eosinophilic cationic protein, IgE, and albumin concentrations, 1 cluster with low IL-5 but high IL-17, 3 clusters with intermediate values of IL-5 and IgE, and 3 clusters with high concentrations of those markers. This evidence concerns the gene IGHE and congenital rubella syndrome.