Future studies should employ ATX/LPA receptor inhibition/deletion in adult mice before and after the induction of obesity, to determine whether the ATX-LPA pathway impacts adiposity independent of its possible effect on preadipocyte development/programming and whether increased adiposity can be reversed or ameliorated by ATX-LPA modulation. This evidence concerns the gene ENPP2 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.