However, applying NSE for diagnosing HIE was still unsatisfactory, for that the increased NSE could also be found within other disorders, including neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, infectious brain injury, and brain injury caused by congenital metabolic diseases (Gazzolo et al., 2009; Yao, Zhang, Ai, Liu, & Huang, 2014). Here, ENO2 is linked to perinatal asphyxia.