Of the seven associations, six occupied at least one shared variant (Table 4): PSMA4, EGLN2, and WNT3 (Fig. 3) for severe COPD; PSMA4, LILRA3 (Additional file 1: Figure S1), and DCBLD1 (Additional file 1: Figure S2) for %LAA-950. Here, PSMA4 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.