HERC1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: For example, in hepatoma cells, inhibition of autophagy via BafA 1 or Atg5 siRNA decreases ASPP2 (apoptosis‐stimulating protein of p53‐2)‐induced apoptosis.20 In primary cortical neurons, inhibition of autophagy by 3‐MA, or lentivirally delivered shRNAs against Atg5 and Atg7, strongly reduced the staurosporine‐induced apoptosis.21 As macrophage is a major component of granuloma cells, macrophage autophagy might functions to limit liver pathology by its pro‐apoptotic activity.