STS and carcinoma: Firstly, previous studies that rely on mRNA as a surrogate of protein expression7,11,13 may not truly reflect the levels of protein or enzymatic activity of STS.40 Secondly, the previous studies have focused on specific subtypes of carcinomas, (e.g., luminal A8 while the current study investigated a wider range of carcinomas, including the HER2 overexpressing type and TNBC.