Consistent with recent reports that there is an increase in TFH-like cells in human peripheral blood following parenteral influenza vaccination which correlates with the anti-HA antibody response (5, 6), we showed that LAIV stimulation of PBMC also induced an increase in CXCR5+ TFH-like cells together with the production of anti-HA antibodies in the PBMC (Fig. 5). The gene discussed is CXCR5; the disease is influenza.